![]() Traditional risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, contribute significantly to the development of cardiovascular disease. LV wall thickness and ejection fraction had a U-shaped association with thyroid hormones.Ĭardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. ![]() Increasing thyroid function (lower TSH, higher FT4, or higher FT3) was associated with a higher heart rate, a lower diastolic blood pressure, and larger LV volumes. Conclusions: Thyroid function within the reference range was associated with heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac structure, and function. ![]() Regarding diastolic function, no significant associations were observed in adjusted models. Left ventricle (LV) posterior wall thickness was nonlinearly associated with FT4 in the adjusted model 1, with a greater thickness near the limits of the reference range. In the adjusted model 2, heart rate was positively associated with FT3 diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with TSH LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were inversely associated with TSH, and ejection fraction was nonlinearly associated with FT3, with higher ejection fractions near the limits of the reference range. Results: The mean age was 61.5 years (SD 10.5) 61.1% of the patients were women. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines. We used linear regression models unadjusted and adjusted for sex and age (model 1), and sex, age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking (model 2). Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography. We excluded participants with TSH, free T4 (FT4), or free T3 (FT3) outside of the reference range or with self-reported cardiovascular or thyroid disease. Methods: Eight hundred thirty-five subjects aged ≥45 years from the EPIPorto cohort (evaluation between 20) were cross-sectionally analyzed. However, the association of thyroid function within the normal range with cardiac structure and function in the general population remains uncertain. Background: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with marked changes in cardiac structure and function.
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